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2024 New Britain earthquake
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200km
124miles
Epicenter of the mainshock
UTC time2024-06-05 17:58:01
Local date6 June 2024
Local time05:58 PGT
Duration5-8 minutes
Magnitude8.8 Ms
8.5 Mww
Depth34.5 km (21 mi)
Epicenter6°22′19″S 151°16′01″E / 6.372°S 151.267°E / -6.372; 151.267
TypeMegathrust
Areas affectedNew Guinea Prefecture, Papua
Max. intensityMMI X (Extreme)
Casualties347+ fatalities, 5,066+ injuries

On 6 June 2024, at 05:58:01 PGT (17:58 UTC on 5 June), a massive magnitude 8.5–8.8 earthquake struck the province New Britain, Papua, 49 km (30 mi) southeast of the coast of Melkoi. The megathrust-faulting earthquake occurred with a hypocenter depth of 34.5 km (21.4 mi) beneath the New Britain megathrust.[1]

The magnitude 8.5–8.8 megathrust earthquake was the largest ever recorded in mainland Papua and Oceania as a whole, and the strongest earthquake globally since the 2012 Indian Ocean earthquake, and possibly the largest since the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake.[2]

Tectonic setting[edit]

The primary tectonic feature of the 1,200 km (750 mi) island chain is the New Hebrides Subduction Zone, the convergent boundary of the Indo-Australian and Pacific Plates. Along the Wadati–Benioff zone, earthquake activity has been observed as shallow, intermediate, and deep-focus events at depths of up to 700 km (430 mi). Volcanic activity is also present along this north-northwest trending and northeast-dipping oceanic trench.[3]

While much of the island arc experiences intermediate-depth earthquakes along a Wadati–Benioff zone that dips steeply at 70°, the area adjacent to the d'Entrecasteaux Ridge does not. There is a corresponding gap in seismicity that occurs below 50 km (31 mi) where it intrudes into the subduction zone from the west. According to the NUVEL-1 global relative plate motion model, convergence is occurring at roughly 8 cm (3.1 in) per year. The uncertainty, which also affects the Tonga arc, is due to the influence of spreading at the North Fiji Basin.[4]

Earthquake[edit]

The USGS initially reported a magnitude of Mi 8.1, before revising it to Mw 7.9 shortly after.[5] Several hours later, the earthquake was revised to 8.5, and then 8.8. Two days later, it was upgraded to Mw 8.9.[6] On 9 June, they revised the estimate of the magnitude to 9.0, before upgrading it to Mw 9.2 in August, following a re-evaluation of the rupture area.[7] The PGA initially gave the earthquake a magnitude of Ms 7.9 before quickly revising it to 8.4, then 8.8.[8] It was upgraded to 9.2 the following day.[9]

Intensity[edit]

Intensity Province Location
X New Britain Melkoi, Gasmata, Kandrian
IX New Britain Kokopo, Baining, Rabaul, Pomio, Kimbe, Talasea, Hoskins, Bialla, Gloucester
New Ireland Konoagil, Ambitle
Bougainville Buka
Morobe Finschhafen, Sialum, Pindiu, Labuta, Nadzab, Umboi
VIII New Ireland Namatanai, Tabar, Lihir, Niuailan
Bouganville Arawa, Buin, Shortland, Fauro
Morobe Lae, Wasu, Bulolo, Markham, Kabwum, Morobe, Gusap, Kaiapit
Oro Tamata, Popondetta, Kokoda
Madang Long Island, Saidor, Nayudo, Nahorawa, Usino
Moresby Port Moresby, Kairiku
Milne Bay Kiriwina
Gizo Sagheraghi
VII New Ireland Kavieng, New Hanover
Morobe Menyamya
Oro Tufi
Madang Karkar, Madang, Bogia
Milne Bay Alotau, Goodenough, Fergusson
Highlands Goroka, Kainantu, Wagumin, Kundiawa
Gulf Kerema
Choiseul Choiseul
Gizo Gizo
VI Milne Bay Alotau, Goodenough, Fergusson
Highlands Mount Hagen, Wabag, Tari, Mendi, Ialibu, Kagamuga
Gulf Kikori
Gizo New Georgia, Rendova
East Sepik Angoram, Pagwi, Ambunti, Wewak
Manus Lorengau
Isabel Buala
Guadalcanal Honiara
Fly Daru

Impact[edit]

New Britain[edit]

In Kandrian, 1,732 people were killed[10] and 924 others were injured.[11] The earthquake cut off all communications in the city, and most of the city's power lines were downed.[12][13] Up to 30% of buildings collapsed in the city.[14] Schools were among the buildings destroyed.[15]

New Ireland[edit]

Seven people were injured in New Hanover.[16] One death was reported in Kavieng.[17]

Morobe[edit]

Thirty-six people were killed, 832 others were injured, 1,188 houses collapsed, 300 public buildings were damaged and power outages occurred in Umboi.[18][19][20][21] Deaths and collapsed houses were reported in 19 villages across the island.[22]

Bougainville[edit]

One person was killed by a landslide and 74 others were injured in Arawa, where 12 buildings collapsed.[23] In Buin, another person was killed by a collapsing house.[24]

On Shortland Island, one of Papua's most popular tourist destinations, 13 people were killed and 403 others were injured.[25] Two children and a pregnant woman were among the dead.[26] Over 1,600 houses were severely damaged, including 161 that collapsed completely, while 14,708 others and 303 public buildings, including three historic churches and a school were damaged on the island; only 9% of the island's structures were undamaged.[27][28] The roof of a nursing home and the wall of a sports hall both collapsed.[29][30] Damage was exacerbated by an earthquake in January 2017; the Ms 8.4 earthquake caused damage to 40% of Shortland Island's houses, however damage repairs were completed by April of that year, while some severely damaged structures were left in ruins and collapsed in the 2024 earthquake.[31]

Twelve people were killed, including three from a mine collapse, 193 others were injured, 16 houses collapsed, 808 were badly damaged and 3,561 others were slightly damaged on Fauro Island.[32][33] One school collapsed and 266 others were damaged on the island.[34] Out of the 21,000 residents of Fauro, 16,500 were affected.[35]

Moresby[edit]

At least 247 people were killed and 3,152 others were injured in Port Moresby.[36] At least 413 buildings, 14 temples, nine government buildings a bridge and a hospital collapsed, and 305 more structures, including 31 religious buildings and 11 schools, were damaged in the city.[37][38] Widespread landslides also occurred in the city's mountainous suburbs.[39] At least 151 people died and 1,715 others were injured in the city center, where 224 buildings collapsed.[40][41] Another 60 people died and 1,004 others were hurt in Kairiku, 30 died and 433 others were injured in Mekeo, and three deahts were reported each in Hiri and Koiari.[42]

In Hiri, a crane collapsed, killing two construction workers.[43] In Kairiku, 128 buildings were razed,[44] including a temple where 25 people were crushed to death and 57 more were injured by falling debris.[45] In Mekeo, 40 buildings collapsed.[46]

Highlands[edit]

Power lines were downed in Kainantu.[47]

In Tari, two temples were damaged.[48] At least 9,827 buildings and 136 roads were damaged in Kundiawa, where 12 people sustained injuries.[49] In Mount Hagen, four people were killed, 100 others were injured, three buildings and a temple collapsed and 5,581 buildings were damaged.[50][51] Two people were injured[52] and a pagoda and some village houses were severely damaged in Erave.[53] Additional damage was caused by landslides across the town, and power outages occurred.[54]

Choiseul[edit]

In Choiseul Province, 15 people were injured,[55] 200 houses collapsed, 450 were severely damaged and 3,911 others were slightly damaged, along with 21 residential buildings and 175 public buildings.[56][57][58] Up to 90% of houses were damaged in some villages.[59] There was damage to 183 houses in Taro and 67 in Wagina.[60]

Gizo[edit]

Fourteen people were killed and 86 others were injured in Gizo.[61] The nearby town of Sagheraghi was worst affected, with 3,725 out of 3,860 houses damaged.[62] In Rendova, six people were killed; five by landslides and another from a collapsing wall.[63] Fifty others were injured,[64] 11 houses collapsed and 400 others and a hospital sustained damage.[65][66][67]

Gulf[edit]

Power outages occurred throughout Gulf Province.[68] In the village of Ipiko, 10 houses were destroyed and 815 others were damaged.[69]

Fly[edit]

In Daru, six people were injured; three of them seriously.[70] Thirty houses collapsed and 2,079 others, 41 schools and 18 health centers were damaged in the city; most of the damage consisted of cracks in walls and fallen roof tiles.[71][72][73] Fifteen neighborhoods and 94 villages in the city reported building damage.[74]

Guadalcanal[edit]

In Honiara, six people were killed and 105 others were injured, three of them seriously.[75] Nine buildings were destroyed and 886 others were damaged in the city, 136 of them seriously.[76][77] A hospital sustained numerous cracks, resulting in the evacuation of 70 patients.[78] Broken windows were also reported at a muncipal building.[79] Three landslides occurred around the city.[80]

Sandaun[edit]

In Aitape, two people died.[81] In Vanimo, some buildings cracked.[82] A three-story building was slightly damaged in Kiunga.[83] Minor damage and a wall collapse were reported in Oksapmin,[84][85] where one road was blocked by a rockfall.[86]

Isabel[edit]

In Buala, a house caught fire and later collapsed.[87]

Malaita[edit]

One house collapsed and some others were damaged in Auki.[88][89] The roof of Auki University cracked due to the earthquake.[90]

Aftershocks[edit]

A Mw 6.8 (Ms 7.1) aftershock struck Gasmata Municipality on 1 July, killing 13 people, injuring 244 others and causing the collapse of 166 mostly damaged buildings.[91] In Gasmata, three people were killed and 11 others were hurt.[92] Four people were killed and eight others were injured in Mosa.[93] One person died and 182 others were injured in Kimbe.[94] In Hoskins, 25 people sustained injuries.[95] Four people were killed and 12 others were injured in Kandrian, where several previously-weakened buildings collapsed.[96] In Talasea, one person died and six more were injured.[97]

Response[edit]

All train lines in mainland Papua were closed following the earthquake.[98]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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